![]() ATR-FTIR afforded a rapid and inexpensive method of detecting and quantitating insoluble urinary cystine. Cystine was quantitated using its 1296 cm −1 absorption band and levels matched with parallel measurements made using IEC. Urine was centrifuged, the insoluble fraction re-suspended in 5 μL water and dried on the ATR prism. Creatinine concentration was also determined by ATR-FTIR to adjust for urinary concentration/dilution. We used attenuated total reflection - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to detect and quantitate insoluble cystine in 22 cystinuric and 5 healthy control urine samples. More rapid and frequent monitoring of urinary cystine concentration would significantly improve the diagnosis and clinical management of cystinuria. Diagnosis of cystinuria is made typically by ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) detection and quantitation, which is slow, laboursome and costly. Cystine is poorly soluble in urine with a solubility of ~1 mM and can readily form microcrystals that lead to cystine stone formation, especially at low urine pH. Cystinuria is the commonest inherited cause of nephrolithiasis (~1% in adults ~6% in children) and is the result of impaired cystine reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. ![]()
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